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What is Nettle(Urtica dioica L.,Urticae herba,Urticae radix)?What is the main and

From: michael derrida
Category: ÉÌÒµÐÅÏ¢
Date: 11/11/2003
Time: 11:00:57 PM
Remote Name: 218.95.203.188

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What is Nettle(Urtica dioica L.,Urticae herba,Urticae radix)?What is the main and effective content and constituents of Nettle?Therapeutics and Pharmacology,Histo rical or traditional use of Nettle.

¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó Composition&Application: Nettle Leaves: Flavonoids (isoquercitin, rutin); acrid components, particula rly in the stinging hairs (including histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, formic ac id, volatile and resinous acids); silica, glucoquinone, tannins, ascorbic acid an d other minerals and vitamins in appreciable levels. Nettle Root: polysaccharides, sterols and sterol glucosides, lignans, cerami des, fatty acids, monoterpene diols and glucosides.

Botanical Basic Data of Nettle.:Urtica dioica L.,Urticae radix Urtica dioica (L). Synonyms and Common names:Urticae herba,Urticae radix,Stinging nettle,common nettle,nettle,nettle leaf,nettle root. German=Grosse brandnetel,French = Grande ortie,Spanish=ortiga,Italian=Grande ortica Parts used:the leaves or aerial parts of young plants; roots Nettle is a leafy plant that is found in most temperate regions of the world. The Latin root of Urtica is uro, meaning"I burn,"indicative of the small stings caused by the little hairs on the leaves of this plant that burn when contact is made with the skin. The root and leaves of nettle are used in herbal medicine. Collection:the leaves are collected from June to October during the flowering period, the roots in spring and autumn.

----------------------------------------------------------------------- Botanical Basic Data of Nettle. Description of Nettle(Urtica dioica L.). Active constituents of Nettle(Urtica dioica L.,Urticae radix). Actions and Indications of Nettle(Urtica dioica L.,Urticae radix). Therapeutics and Pharmacology,Historical or traditional use of Nettle. Combinations,Cautions,Dosage and Additional comments of Nettle.

Description of Nettle(Urtica dioica L.,Urticae radix): Urtica dioica is a native British perennial growing in damp forests or where ver land has been disturbed by Man. It has a richly-branched yellow rhizome, whic h spreads which over large areas, and from which grow numerous erect, quadrangula r stems. These are up to 120cm tall and are covered with long stinging hairs and short bristly hairs. The opposite, stalked, cordate or lanceolate leaves are serr ated at the margin and covered on both sides with stinging hairs. The flowers are unisexual, the plants dioecious, although monoecious ones do occur. The flowers are arranged in drooping panicles, growing in groups from the upper leaf axils. T he male inflorescences are erect and shortly branched, with four perianth segment s and four stamens. The female flowers have two perianth segments and a superior ovary with a stalkless stigma. The fruit is an achene. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -

Active constituents of Nettle(Urtica dioica L.,Urticae radix): There has been a great deal of controversy regarding the identity of nettle¡¯ s active constituents. Currently, it is thought that polysaccharides (complex sug ars) and lectins are probably the active constituents. Test tube studies suggest the leaf has anti-inflammatory actions. This is thought to be caused by nettle pr eventing the body from making inflammatory chemicals known as prostaglandins.1 Ne ttle¡¯s root affects hormones and proteins that carry sex hormones (such as testo sterone or estrogen) in the human body. This may explain why it helps benign pros tatic hyperplasia (BPH).2 Although less frequently used alone like saw palmetto o r pygeum, some limited clinical trials suggest benefit of nettle root extract for men with milder forms of BPH. Constituents: Nettle Leaves: Flavonoids (isoquercitin, rutin); acrid components, particula rly in the stinging hairs (including histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, formic ac id, volatile and resinous acids); silica, glucoquinone, tannins, ascorbic acid an d other minerals and vitamins in appreciable levels. Nettle Root: polysaccharides, sterols and sterol glucosides, lignans, cerami des, fatty acids, monoterpene diols and glucosides ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----

:Actions and Indications of Nettle(Urtica dioica L.,Urticae radix): Actions: mild diuretic, astringent, tonic, haemostatic, dermatological agent ; extracts are reported to have hypoglycaemic properties. Indications: rheumatic conditions, uterine haemorrhage, cutaneous eruptions, infantile and psychogenic eczema, epistaxis, melaena. Specifically indicated in nervous eczema. The root is indicated in the symptomatic treatment of micturition disorders such as nocturia, pollakisuria, dysuria and urine retention and in ben ign prostatic hyperplasia. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----

Therapeutics and Pharmacology,Historical or traditional use of Nettle.: Nettle has a long history of use. The tough fibers from the stem have been u sed to make cloth and cooked nettle leaves were eaten as vegetables. From ancient Greece to the present, nettle has been documented for its traditional use in tre ating coughs, tuberculosis, and arthritis and in stimulating hair growth. Urtica is rich in iron and vitamin C, making it a useful remedy in anaemia a nd other debilitated states, the presence of the vitamin C ensuring that the iron is properly absorbed. The herb has an important effect on the kidney and on flui d and uric acid excretion, so is of benefit in gout and other arthritic condition s, particularly if there is an element of anaemia. The painful, irritant effect o f the sting is lost on drying or heating with water, but if preserved in cold alc oholic tincture the irritant action is preserved. A tincture of the fresh leaf ap plied locally to an inflamed joint will induce counter-irritation and produce red dening over the joint. Blood is thus flushed through the area and out to the surf ace of the skin, where the toxins may even be taken off in the fluid of a burst b lister. A preliminary trial reported that capsules made from freeze-dried leaves red uced sneezing and itching in people with hay fever. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding, however. The historical practice of intentionally applying nettle topically with the intent of causing stings to relieve arthritis has been assessed by a questionnair e in modern times. The results found intentional nettle stings safe, except for a sometimes painful, sometimes numb rash that lasts 6¨C24 hours. Additional trials are required to determine if this practice is therapeutically effective. Urtica is also of benefit in chronic skin conditions such as eczema, helping to cleanse the body of accumulated toxins. An infusion of the dried leaf is effe ctive in helping to control dandruff and hair loss on the scalp. As a haemostatic and astringent, Urtica helps check wound bleeding and to treat menorrhagia; it i s also used for haemorrhoids and can be taken internally to treat gastric and int estinal problems. The powdered leaves were traditionally used as a snuff to arres t nosebleeds. Urtica is known to stimulate milk flow in nursing mothers, and is often used in this way by farmers for their stock. It has been shown experimentally to have both hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic properties, the hypoglycaemic component be ing ¡®urticin¡¯. In a clinical trial, men with benign prostatic hypertrophy (Stages I and II) were treated with a dried standardised Urtica root extract for 20 weeks. A morph ologically relevant effect on the prostate adenoma cells was found that may be du e to competitive inhibition by the extract of the binding capacity of SHBG (sex h ormone binding globulin). An increased binding capacity of SHBG to testosterone a nd dihydrotestosterone results in hyperplasia as a compensation for a decrease in hormones. Other clinical trials have reported improvements in urinary flow, and reduced urinary frequency, nocturia and residual urine after six months treatment . ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----

Combinations,Cautions,Dosage and Additional comments of Nettle: Combinations: Urtica combines well with Arctium root in any detoxifying regi me. Caution: In a few individuals, exposure to the histamine in fresh nettles ca n be extremely dangerous. However, in the dried or cooked state nettles are compl etely non-toxic and may be eaten freely as a vegetable or drunk as an infusion. Additional Comments: The Romans treated rheumatic conditions by flaying thei r joints with fresh nettles so as to stimulate blood circulation. Nettles are a g ood source of chlorophyll, and are a traditional spring tonic. In spring, the fre sh green leaves can be cooked and eaten like spinach or made into a soup. Urtica urens (L), the small, or annual nettle, is also used medicinally, and has similar actions to Urtica dioica. U. urens is prescribed in homoeopathic medicine for rh eumatic pain, burns and nettle rash. How much is usually taken? During the allergy season, two to three 300 mg ne ttle leaf capsules or tablets or 2¨C4 ml tincture can be taken three times per da y. For BPH, 120 mg of a concentrated root extract in capsules can be taken two ti mes per day.6 Many products for BPH will combine nettle root with saw palmetto or pygeum extracts. Intentional stinging with nettles should only be undertaken aft er consultation with a physician knowledgeable in botanical medicine. Are there any side effects or interactions? Nettle may cause mild gastrointe stinal upset in some people. Although allergic reactions to nettle are rare, when contact is made with the skin, fresh nettle can cause a rash secondary to the no ted stings.7 Nettle leaf is considered safe for use in pregnancy and breast-feedi ng.

Scintific References:

1.What is Nettle(Urtica dioica L.,Urticae herba,Urticae radix)?What is the main and effective content and constituents of Nettle?Therapeutics and Pharmacolo gy,Historical or traditional use of Nettle.Via Michael Derrida

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