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From: michael derrida
Category: ÉÌÒµÐÅÏ¢
Date: 11/11/2003
Time: 10:17:53 PM
Remote Name: 218.95.203.188
What is Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.,Flos Carthami,Flos Carthami Tinctorii)? Property,constituents and application of safflower?What is Saffron(Stigma Croci)? Application and benefit of Saffron?
¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó Composition&Application: Property and Effects of Safflower:Pungent in flavour,warm in property, actin g on the heart and liver channels.Used as Laxative, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Sedati ve, Nervine, Emmenagogue, Purgative, Anti-rheumatic. Invigorating circulation of blood, normalizing menstruation and eliminating blood stasis to relieve pain. Saffron in Medicine:As a therapeutical plant, saffron it is considered an ex cellent stomach ailment and an antispasmodic, helps digestion and increases appet ite. It is also relieves renal colic, reduces stomachaches and relieves tension. During the last years it was used as a drug for flu-like infections, depression, hypatomegaly and as a sedative for its essential oils. It is also considered that in small quantities it regulates women's menstruation, and helps conception.
----------------------------------------------------------------------- Botanical Basic Data of Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.). What it is Safflower?Property,Effects and constitution of Safflower. Functions and clinical use of safflower. Ethnobotany:Worlwide use of safflower. What is Saffron(Stigma Croci)?. Health benefit and application of Saffron.
Botanical Basic Data of Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.).: Botanical name: Carthamus tinctorius L. Pharmaceutical name: Flos Carthami Tinctorii Family: Asteraceae ; Genus: Carthamus ; Species: tinctorius Common name:Safflower Ethnic names:Alazor, Azafran, Beni-Bana, E'Sfer, Habb Et Quirthim, Huang Lan, Hung Hua, Hung Lan Hua, Kasumba, Kesumba, Qurtum, Yao Hua.
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What it is Safflower?Property,Effects and constitution of Safflower.: Safflower,Carthamus tinctorius L., is a member of the family Compositae or A steraceae, is a thistle-like plant with a strong central branch stem, a varying n umber of branches, and a tap-root system. Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads containing 15 to 20 seeds per head. The seed oil content ran ges from 30 to 45 percent. Flower color is usually yellow or orange, although som e varieties have red or white flowers. Plant height in North Dakota varies betwee n 15 and 30 inches depending on environmental conditions. The taproot of safflowe r can penetrate to depths of 8 to 10 feet if subsoil temperature and moisture per mit. As a result, safflower is more tolerant to drought than small grains. Traditionally, the crop was grown for its flowers, used for colouring and fl avouring foods and making dyes, especially before cheaper aniline dyes became ava ilable, and in medicines. Property and Effects of Safflower: Pungent in flavour,warm in property, acting on the heart and liver channels. Used as Laxative, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Sedative, Nervine, Emmenagogue, Purgativ e, Anti-rheumatic. Invigorating circulation of blood, normalizing menstruation and eliminating blood stasis to relieve pain. Phytochemicals and Constituents of Saffflower: Beta-farnesene,Cadienals,Heptenols,Hexenols,Pentenals,Penenols,(Z)-3-hexenyl- benzoate,(Z)-3-hexenyl-butyrate,(Z,z)-1,8,11-hepta-decatriene, (Z,z)-3,11-trideca triene-5,7,9-triyne, (Z,z,z)-1,8,11,14-heptade-catetraene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-met hyl-benzene, 1-heptadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-pentadecene , 1-tridecene, 2-hydroxya rctiin, 3-methylbutyric-acid, Alloaromadendrene, Alpha-cedrene, Alpha-copaene, Al pha-gurjunene, Alpha-muurolene, Alpha-phellandrene, Alpha-tocopherol, Beta-cycloc itral, Beta-ionone, Beta-selinene, Carthamin, Carthamone, Caryophyllene, Caryophy llene-epoxide, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Gamma-tocopherol, Germacrene-d , Humulen e, Iron, Isocarthamin, Kaempferol-glycoside, Limonene, Luteolin-7-beta-d- glucosi de, M-xylene, Magnesium, Manganese, Matairesinoside, Methylcinnamate, Mucilage, N eocarthamin,Niacin, Nonanal, O-xylene, P-cymene, P-xylene, Pent-1-en- 3-ol, Pent- 3-en-2-one, Pentanol, Phenol, Phenylacetaldehyde,Phosphorus, Safflower-yellow, Sa fynol, Sd, Selenium, Serotobenine, Silicon, Terpinen-4 -ol , Tetracheloside, Tetr adecene, Ubiquinone-9, Verbenone, Zinc ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
Functions and clinical use of safflower.: 1.Invigorates the Blood and promotes menstruation: used for Congealed Blood p atterns, with amenorrhea, abdominal pain, postpartum dizziness, lochioschesis, an d abdominal masses. Dispels Congealed Blood and alleviates pain: used for Congeal ed Blood wounds and pain, nonsuppurative sores, carbuncles, and dark, purplish er ythema. Also used for incomplete expression of the rash of measles or chest Painf ul Obstruction from Congealed Blood. 2. Amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea dueto blood stasis andpostpartum abdominalpain due to retentionof blood stasis. It is often used with peach kernel, Chineseange lica root and chuanxiong rhizome, as in Decoction of Four Ingredients Including P each Kernel and Safflower(Taohong Siwu Tang).For masses in the abdomen, it can be used with burreed tuber, zedoary and red sage root. 3. Various kindsof pain due to bloodstasis. For chest pain due to obstruc-tio n of qi in the chest, it is often prescribed with red sage root, red peony root a nd chuanxiong rhizome; for pains in the hypochondriumdue to blood stasis,it can b e used withfrankincense, myrrhand peach kernel; for pain of traumaticinjuries, it can be used with sappan wood,dragon's blood (Resina Draconis) and musk; for exte rnal diseaseslike sores, carbunclesand other pyogenic skin infections, it can be given with dandelion, forsythiafruit and red peonyroot. Dosage and admi-nistration: 3- 10g, decocted in water for an oral dose. Safflower, also known as American saffron, dyer's saffron, and false saffron , is an annual plant native to the Mediterranean countries and cultivated in Euro pe and the U.S. Its glabrous, branching stem grows from 1 to 3 feet high and bear s alternate, sessile, oblong, or ovate-lanceolate leaves armed with small, spiny teeth. The orange-yellow flowers grow in flower heads about 1 to 10 inches across . This herb is used traditionally in China to treat coronary disease, thrombot ic disorders, and menstrual problems. Alcoholic extracts of the plant are used to pically for direct application to ulcers and wounds. Safflower has been used effe ctively as a diaphoretic and a diuretic. Taken hot, safflower tea produces strong perspiration and has thus been used for colds and related ailments. It has also been used at times for its soothing effect in cases of hysteria, such as that ass ociated with chlorosis. The plant has a strong taproot which enables it to thrive in dry climates. I n India the crop has traditionally been grown in the 'rabi' or winter dry season in mixtures with other 'rabi' crops, such as wheat and sorghum. After emergence, the crop maintains a rosette form for some weeks before rapid elongation to matur e height. The florets are self-pollinating but seedset can be increased by bees o r other insects. Safflower is one of humanity's oldest crops, but generally it has been grown on small plots for the grower's personal use and it remains a minor crop with wo rld seed production around 800 000 t per year (Gyulai 1996). Oil has been produce d commercially and for export for about 50 years, first as an oil source for the paint industry, now for its edible oil for cooking, margarine and salad oil. Over 60 countries grow safflower, but over half is produced in India (mainly for the domestic vegetable oil market). Production in the USA, Mexico, Ethiopia, Argentin a and Australia comprises most of the remainder. China has a significant area pla nted to safflower, but the florets are harvested for use in traditional medicines and the crop is not reported internationally. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
Ethnobotany:Worlwide use of safflower.: China Abortifacient, Alterative, Amenorrhea, Anodyne, Apoplexy, Astringent, Bactericide, Blood, Bruise, Discutient, Dropsy, Dysmenorrhea, Emmenagogue, Hemorr hage, Lenitive, Placenta, Puerperium, Purgative Sedative, Stimulant, Trauma, Uter otonic, Wound Elsewhere Bactericide, Candida, Carthamus, Diuretic, Diaphoretic, D ysmenorrhea, Emmenagogue, Fungicide, Jaundice, Measles, Purgative, Rheumatism, Sc arlatina, Sedative, Sore, Stimulant, Tumor Turkey:Anodyne, Emmenagogue, Food-Dye, Laxative, Purgative, Rennet, Rheumatis m Sudorific US:Antidote, Boil, Emmenagogue, Eruption, Fever, Hear, Laxative, Measles, Ski n, Sudorific Safflower can be used as a diuretic and to calm the nerves and soothes hyster ia. It supports the heart and liver. It helps promote circulation, dissolves clot s, and can help induce menstruation. Safflower helps with post childbirth pains, stiffness and pain in joints, and internal bleeding. It can be taken hot to produ ce strong perspiration to remedy a cold. Related to the sunflower, Safflower is a magnificent thistle plant that grows to be quite tall. In summer, yellow flowers blossom in clusters around the stem. It is cultivated in southern Europe, as well as on other continents for the oil rich in essential lipids. Since the earliest times, Safflowers have been prized f or their dietetic, medicinal and cosmetic benefits. Its emollient and moisturizin g properties mean that it is still a very useful substance in cosmetology. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
What is Saffron(Stigma Croci)?:
The most precious and expensive spice in the world is saffron. The Saffron filaments, or threads, are actually the dried stigmas of the saf fron flower, "Crocus Sativus Linneaus". Each flower contains only three stigmas. These threads must be picked from each flower by hand, and more than 75,000 of th ese flowers are needed to produce just one pound of Saffron filaments, making it the world's most precious spice. ut, because of saffron's strong coloring power a nd intense flavor, it can be used sparingly. Saffron is used both for its bright orange-yellow color and for its strong, intense flavor and aroma. "Crocus Sativus Linneaus" contains crocin, the source of its strong coloring property, bitter-crocin, which offers the distinctive aroma and taste and essent ial oils, which are responsible for its therapeutic properties. Saffron is available both in filaments and powder, though the long, deep red filaments are usually preferable to the powder as the latter can be easily adult erated. Today, the greatest saffron producing countries are Greece, Spain, Turkey , Iran, India, and Morocco. The largest saffron importers are Germany, Italy, U.S .A., Switzerland, U.K., and France. It was not defined well when saffron cultivation began, but it is believed t hat this might have happened during Prehistoric Greek times. The excavations in K nossos, Crete, and Akrotiri in the island of Santorini brought to light some fres coes where saffron is depicted. The most famous of these frescoes is the 'saffron gatherer', where it was de picted that there was a monkey amongst the yellow saffron flowers. Etymologically , the word crocus has its origin from the Greek word "croci" which means the weft , thread used for weaving on a loom. Mythologically, according to Ovidius, the pl ant took its name from the youth Crocus, who after witnessing in despair the deat h of fair Smilax was transformed into this flower. nown since antiquity, saffron it was one of the most desired and expensive spices of ancient Greeks, Egyptians and Romans for its aroma, color and aphrodisiac properties. It was quite popular among the Phoenician traders, who carried it wherever they traveled. The ancient Assyrians used saffron for medical purposes. Hippocrates and other Greek doctors of his time, like Dioskourides and Galin os mention crocus as a drug or a therapeutical herb. From the writings of Homer w ho calls dawn, "crocus veil", Aeschylus, Pindaros, and others, we know that the c rocus was considered a rare pharmaceutical plant of ancient Greece with unique pr operties. It is referred throughout ancient history and in the course of many med ical writings of the classical Greek and Roman times all the way to the Middle Ag es. Another saffron use in ancient Greece was that of perfumery. The history of r ed saffron in modern Greece starts in the 17th century when red saffron was culti vated in the area of Kozani in Macedonia. For more than 300 years, Greek red saff ron is systematically cultivated under the warmth of the Greek sun, in the rich s oil of a unique area including many small towns of Kozani in West Macedonia. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
Health benefit and application of Saffron.: As a therapeutical plant, saffron it is considered an excellent stomach ailm ent and an antispasmodic, helps digestion and increases appetite. It is also reli eves renal colic, reduces stomachaches and relieves tension. During the last year s it was used as a drug for flu-like infections, depression, hypatomegaly and as a sedative for its essential oils. It is also considered that in small quantities it regulates women's menstruation, and helps conception. It is a fact that even since antiquity, crocus was attributed to have aphrodisiac properties. Many write rs along with Greek mythology sources associate crocus with fertility. Crocus in general is an excellent stimulant. Saffron in Medicine: As a therapeutical plant, saffron it is considered an excellent stomach ailm ent and an antispasmodic, helps digestion and increases appetite. It is also reli eves renal colic, reduces stomachaches and relieves tension. During the last year s it was used as a drug for flu-like infections, depression, hypatomegaly and as a sedative for its essential oils. It is also considered that in small quantities it regulates women's menstruation, and helps conception. It is a fact that even since antiquity, crocus was attributed to have aphrodisiac properties. Many write rs along with Greek mythology sources associate crocus with fertility. Crocus in general is an excellent stimulant. Saffron in dying: The basic ingredient of crocus is crocin, the source of its strong coloring property. In antiquity it was a very rare and expensive substance and the color i t produced and signified a high status or royalty. Romans used it to dye their ha ir and the "purple carpet" of saffron of Irish kings was such impressive examples . Saffron in cooking: As a spice it is used for colouring and flavor improving while giving a dist inct aroma and a beautiful golden color. There is a great list of foods where saf fron is added including cheese products such as cottage cheese and parmesan, soup s, chicken and meat, various spirits, pasta and rice. To use saffron, either infu se a few threads in a cup of hot water and add the coloured liquid towards the en d of cooking, or crumble the threads and add directly to the pot. Alternatively, dry roast, crumble and then steep the crumbled threads. Unlike other spices, a go od pinch will suffice to add flavor and color most dishes. Cook with red Greek sa ffron and indulge in its excellent flavor. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
Scintific References: 1.What is Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.,Flos Carthami,Flos Carthami Tin ctorii)?Property,constituents and application of safflower?What is Saffron(Stigma Croci)?Application and benefit of Saffron?Via Michael Derrida.
powder available: ¡¤Safflower P.E. 5:1(Flos Carthami Tinctorii,Carthamus tinctorius L.) ¡¤Saffron(Stigma Croci)P.E. 5:1(Saffron powder extracts)
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