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From: michael derrida What is Bitter melon(momordica
charantia),What Is Bitter Melon Used for Today?Bitter melon, papailla, melao de
sao caetano,
Category: ÉÌÒµÐÅÏ¢
Date: 11/11/2003
Time: 6:48:38 AM
Remote Name: 218.95.202.11
What is Bitter melon(momordica charantia),What Is Bitter Melon Used for Today?Bitter melon, papailla, melao de sao caetano,
bittergourd, sorosi, a'jayib al maasi, assorossie, balsam apple, balsam pear, chin li chih, ejinrin gule khandan, fu-kua,
karela, k'u kua kurela, kor-kuey, ku gua, lai p'u t'ao, pava-aki, salsamino, sorci, sorossi, sorossie, sorossies, pare, peria
laut, peria
¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó
Basic Botanical Data of Bitter melon(momordica charantia)
Family: Cucurbitaceae; Genus: Momordica; Species: charantia; Synonyms: Momordica chinensis, M. elegans, M. indica, M. operculata, M. sinen sis, Sicyos fauriei Common Names:Bitter melon, papailla, melao de sao caetano, bittergourd, soros i, a'jayib al maasi, assorossie, balsam apple, balsam pear, chin li chih, ejinrin gule khandan, fu-kua, karela, k'u kua kurela, kor-kuey, ku gua, lai p'u t'ao, pa va-aki, salsamino, sorci, sorossi, sorossie, sorossies, pare, peria laut, peria Part Used: Whole plant, Fruit, Seed Plant Description: Documented Properties& Actions:Anthelmintic,antibacterial,antibiotic,antidiab etic,anti-inflammatory, antileukemic,antimicrobial,antimutagenic,antimycobacteria l,antioxidant,antitumor,antiulcer,antiviral,aperitive,aphrodisiac,astringent,carm inative,cytostatic,cytotoxic,depurative,hormonal,hypocholesterolemic,hypotensive, hypotriglyceridemic,hypoglycemic,immunostimulant, insecticidal, lactagogue, laxat ive, purgative, refrigerant, stomachic,styptic,tonic,vermifuge.
----------------------------------------------------------------------- Basic Botanical Data of Bitter melon(momordica charantia). Constituents and Phytochemicals of Bitter Melon. Properties and application of bitter melon and bitter melon extracts. Contraindications and drug interaction of bitter melon. Ethnobotany:Worldwide Uses of Bitter Melon.
Constituents and Phytochemicals of Bitter Melon.: Alkaloids, charantin, charine, cryptoxanthin, cucurbitins, cucurbitacins, cu curbitanes, cycloartenols, diosgenin, elaeostearic acids, erythrodiol, galacturon ic acids, gentisic acid, goyaglycosides, goyasaponins, guanylate cyclase inhibito rs, gypsogenin, hydroxytryptamines, karounidiols, lanosterol, lauric acid, linole ic acid, linolenic acid, momorcharasides, momorcharins, momordenol, momordicilin, momordicins, momordicinin, momordicosides, momordin, momordolo, multiflorenol, m yristic acid, nerolidol, oleanolic acid, oleic acid, oxalic acid, pentadecans, pe ptides, petroselinic acid, polypeptides, proteins, ribosome-inactivating proteins , rosmarinic acid, rubixanthin, spinasterol, steroidal glycosides, stigmasta-diol s, stigmasterol, taraxerol, trehalose, trypsin inhibitors, uracil, vacine, v-insu lin, verbascoside, vicine, zeatin, zeatin riboside, zeaxanthin, zeinoxanthin Bitter Melon contains 5-a-stigmasta-7, 25-dien-3-b-ol, 5-hydroxytryptamine, alkaloids, a-elaeostearic acid, ascorbigen, b-sitosterol-d-glucoside, charantin, citrulline, cryptoxanthin, elasterol, flavochrome, galacturonic acid, lanosterol, lutein, lycopene, momordicin, various momordicosides, oxalic acid, pipecolic aci d, rubixanthin, stigmasta-5, 25-dien-3-b-ol, sugars, zeaxanthin and zeinoxanthin. Researchers have discovered two proteins in the seeds of the bitter melon (Momor dica charantia) which were shown to exert an immunosuppressive effect, but were n on cytotoxic.The proteins (alpha and beta momorcharin) appeared to modulate the a ctivity of both T and B lymphocytes and significantly suppressed the macrophage a ctivity17
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- Properties and application of bitter melon and bitter melon extracts.: Momordica charantia, is also a plant found in China, where it is (not surpri singly) known as Chinese Bitter Melon. It has been used in traditional Chinese me dicine as an appetite stimulant, a treatment for gastrointestinal infection, and to lower blood sugar in diabetics. Recently, it has also been used in the treatme nt of certain types of cancer and viral infections. 1.Bitter Melon increase the number of beta cells in the pancreas: Bitter melon fruit has shown the presence of glycosides, saponins, alkaloids , reducing sugars, resins, phenolic constituents, fixed oil and free acids. Chara ntin, a non-nitrogenous neutral principle, has been identified as an active in th e hypoglycemic properties. Bitter melon has been shown to increase the number of beta cells in the pancreas thereby improving the body's ability to produce insuli n. 2,Sugar management and anti-viral function,immunopotentiating of bitter melo n: Blood sugar management and anti-viral, immunopotentiating properties. Bitter Melon is intended to be used to supplement the diet when following programs desi gned to maintain blood sugar levels. It contains three anti-HIV proteins:alpha- a nd beta momorcharin, and MAP-30, and charantin, beta-D-Sitosterl-beta-D-glucoside , 5,25-Stigmastadien-3-beta-D-glucoside, serotonin, and many kinds of amino acids In our Bitter Melon Extract, we use the whole plant; leaves, seeds, vine and mel on. Research has found that the leaves are nutritious sources of calcium, magnesi um, potassium, phosphorus and iron; both the edible fruit and the leaves are grea t sources of the B vitamins. 3,Bitter Melon as blood sugar controller: What Is Bitter Melon Used for Today?Preliminary studies appear to confirm th e first of these folk uses, suggesting that bitter melon may improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes.1,2,3 If you have diabetes, you might consider ad ding bitter melon to your diet, but only under a doctor's supervision (see Safety Issues). Bitter melon contains an array of novel and biologically active phytochemica ls including triterpenes, proteins and steroids. In numerous studies, at least th ree different groups of constituents found in all parts of bitter melon have clin ically demonstrated hypoglycemic properties (blood sugar lowering) or other actio ns of potential benefit against diabetes mellitus. These hypoglycemic chemicals i nclude a mixture of steroidal saponins known as charantins, insulin-like peptides , and alkaloids. The hypoglycemic effect is more pronounced in the fruit of bitte r melon where these chemicals are in greater abundance. To date, close to 100 in vivo studies have demonstrated the blood glucose-lowering effect of this bitter f ruit. The fruit has also shown the ability to enhance cells¡¯ uptake of glucose, to promote insulin release, and potentiate the effect of insulin. In other in viv o studies, bitter melon fruit and/or seed has been shown to reduce total choleste rol and triglycerisin both the presence and absence of dietary cholesterol. In on e study, elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels in diabetic rats were retur ned to normal after 10 weeks of treatment. 4,Bitter Melon used as AIDS inhibitor: Bitter melon has also been suggested as a treatment for AIDS, but the eviden ce thus far is too weak to even mention. There is absolutely no evidence that it can treat cancer. 5,Bitter Melon and Bitter Melon Extracts inhibit cancer and tumor: A novel phytochemical in bitter melon has clinically demonstrated the abilit y to inhibit an enzyme named guanylate cyclase. This enzyme is thought to be link ed to the pathogenesis and replication of not only psoriasis, but leukemia and ca ncer as well. Other phytochemicals that have been documented with cytotoxic activ ity are a group of ribosome-inactivating proteins named alpha- and beta-momorchar in, momordin, and cucurbitacin B. A chemical analog of bitter melon proteins was developed and named MAP-30 and its inventors reported that it was able to inhibit prostate tumor growth. The phytochemical momordin has clinically demonstrated cy totoxic activity against Hodgkin¡¯s lymphoma in vivo, and several other in vivo s tudies have demonstrated the cytostatic and antitumor activity of the entire plan t of bitter melon. In one study, a water extract blocked the growth of rat prosta te carcinoma; another study reported that a hot water extract of the entire plant inhibited the development of mammary tumors in mice. Numerous in vitro studies h ave also demonstrated the anti-cancerous and anti-leukemic activity of bitter mel on against numerous cell lines including liver cancer, human leukemia, melanoma a nd solid sarcomas. 6.Bitter Melon Extracts proved as good antibiotics: Bitter melon (and several of its isolated phytochemicals) also has been docu mented with in vitro antiviral activity against numerous viruses including Epstei n-Barr, herpes, and HIV viruses. In an in vivo study, a leaf extract demonstrated the ability to increase resistance to viral infections as well as to provide an immunostimulant effect in humans and animals (increasing interferon production an d natural killer cell activity). Two proteins known as alpha- and beta-momorchari n (which are present in the seeds, fruit, and leaves) have been reported to inhib it the HIV virus in vitro. In one study, HIV-infected cells treated with alpha- a nd beta-momorcharin showed a nearly complete loss of viral antigen while healthy cells were largely unaffected. In 1996 the inventors of the chemical protein anal og MAP-30 filed a U.S. patent, stating it was ¡°useful for treating tumors and HI V infections . . . In treating HIV infections, the protein is administered alone or in conjunction with conventional AIDS therapies.¡± Anoter clinical study showe d that MAP-30¡¯s antiviral activity was also relative to the herpes virus in vitr o. In addition to these properties, leaf extracts of bitter melon have clinical ly demonstrated broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Various water, ethanol, an d methanol extracts of the leaves have demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activi ties against E. coli, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Streptobacillus an d Streptococcus; an extract of the entire plant was shown to have antiprotozoal a ctivity against Entamoeba histolytica. The fruit and fruit juice has demonstrated the same type of antibacterial properties and, in another study, a fruit extract has demonstrated activity against the stomach ulcer-causing bacteria Helicobacte r pylori. 7.Local Application of Bitter Melon: Traditional Orient Application of Bitter Melon: The fruit and leaves of Bitter Melon are used to reduce the levels of blood sugar. For centuries, Bitter Melon has been used as both a food and medicine thro ughout Asia as a therapeutic remedy in a variety of illnesses such as leukemia, d iabetes, asthma, insect bites, menstrual cycle problems, stomach problems, as wel l as many other maladies. Recent studies have found anti-HIV properties. Bitter melon has had much traditional use in the Orient as a foodstuff and ' tonic'. Several other principles have been isolated from the plant, including a b lood sugar lowering fraction, an anti-tumor fraction and an antifertility fractio n (a lectin). The plant could be of benefit in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. It has numerous reported benefits for boils, burns, skin eruptions, itching skin, p iles, psoriasis, rheumatism, sores, wound healing. In Africa, the plant is recomm ended for wounds, cuts and sores. Momordica charantia or African Cucumber (as it is known there), is used by pounding the fruit and using the oily pulp as a dress ing. The leaf decoction is used by the Cuna for measles. It is also reported to h ave styptic and astringent properties. Bitter melon grows in tropical areas, including parts of the Amazon, east Af rica, Asia, and the Caribbean, and is cultivated throughout South America as a fo od and medicine. It's a slender, climbing annual vine with long-stalked leaves an d yellow, solitary male and female flowers borne in the leaf axils. The fruit app ears as a warty gourd, usually oblong and resembling a small cucumber. The young fruit is emerald green, turning to orange-yellow when ripe. At maturity the fruit splits into three irregular valves that curl backwards and release numerous brow n or white seeds encased in scarlet arils. The Latin name Momordica means ¡°to bi te¡± (referring to the jagged edges of the leaf, which appear as if they have bee n bitten). All parts of the plant, including the fruit, taste very bitter. In the Amazon, local people and indigenous tribes grow bitter melon in their gardens for food and medicine. They add the fruit and/or leaves to beans and sou p for a bitter or sour flavor; parboiling it first with a dash of salt may remove some of the bitter taste. Medicinally, the plant has a long history of use by th e indigenous peoples of the Amazon. A leaf tea is employed for diabetes; as a car minative for colic; topically for sores, wounds, and infections; internally and e xternally for worms and parasites; as an emmenagogue; and as an antiviral for mea sles, hepatitis, and feverish conditions. In Brazilian herbal medicine, bitter melon is used for tumors, wounds, rheum atism, malaria, leucorrhea, inflammation, menstrual problems, diabetes, colic, fe vers, worms, to induce abortions, and as an aphrodisiac. It is also employed topi cally for skin problems, vaginitis, hemorrhoids, scabies, itchy rashes, eczema, a nd leprosy. In Mexico the entire plant is used for diabetes and dysentery; the ro ot is a reputed aphrodisiac. In Peruvian herbal medicine, the leaf or aerial part s of the plant are used to treat measles, malaria, and all types of inflammation. In Nicaragua the leaf commonly is used for stomach pain, diabetes, fevers, colds , coughs, headaches, malaria, skin complaints, menstrual disorders, aches and pai ns, hypertension, infections, and as an aid in childbirth. Many in vivo clinical studies have demonstrated the relatively low toxicity of all parts of the bitter melon plant when ingested orally. However, toxicity an d even death in laboratory animals has been reported when extracts are injected i ntravenously or intraperitoneally (with the fruit and seed demonstrating greater toxicity than the leaf or aerial parts of the plant). Other studies have shown et hanol and water extracts of the fruit and leaf (ingested orally) to be safe durin g pregnancy. The seeds, however, have demonstrated the ability to induce abortion s in rats and mice, and the root has been documented with a uterine stimulant eff ect in animals. The fruit and leaf of bitter melon has demonstrated an in vivo an tifertility effect in female animals; in male animals, it was reported to affect the production of sperm negatively. Over the years scientists have verified many of the traditional uses of this bitter plant that continues to be an important natural remedy in the natural hea lth practitioner¡¯s medicine chest. Bitter melon capsules and tinctures are becom ing more widely available in the U.S. and are employed by natural health practiti oners for diabetes, viruses, colds and flu, and psoriasis. Concentrated fruit or seed extracts can be found in capsules and tablets, as well as whole herb/vine po wders and extracts in capsules and tinctures. Traditional Remedy: One-half to 1 cup of a standard leaf or whole herb decoc tion 1¨C2 times daily or 1¨C3 ml of a 4:1 tincture twice daily. One to 2 grams of powdered leaf in tablets or capsules daily can be substituted if desired. The tr aditional South American remedy for diabetes is to juice 1¨C2 fresh bitter melon fruits and drink twice daily. For seed or fruit extracts in capsules or tinctures , follow the labeled instructions.
Contraindications and drug interaction of bitter melon.: Bitter melon traditionally has been used as an abortive and has been documen ted with weak uterine stimulant activity; therefore, it is contraindicated during pregnancy. This plant has been documented to reduce fertility in both males and females and should therefore not be used by those undergoing fertility treatment or seek ing pregnancy. The active chemicals in bitter melon have shown in animal studies to be tran sferred through breast milk; therefore, it is contraindicated in women who are br east feeding. All parts of bitter melon (especially the fruit and seed) have demonstrated in numerous in vivo studies that they lower blood glucose levels. As such, it is contraindicated in persons with hypoglycemia. Diabetics should check with their p hysicians before using this plant and use with caution while monitoring their blo od sugar levels regularly. Although all parts of the plant have demonstrated active antibacterial activ ity, none have shown activity against fungi or yeast. Long-term use of this plant may result in the die-off of friendly bacteria with resulting yeast/candida oppo rtunistic overgrowth. Cycling off the use of the plant (every 30 days for one wee k) may be warranted, and adding probiotics to the diet may be beneficial if this plant is used for longer than 30 days. The fruit and seed of bitter melon have demonstrated (in animal studies) to lower blood cholesterol levels. Persons on medications to lower blood cholesterol should monitor their cholesterol levels. Drug Interactions: May potentiate insulin and anti-diabetic drugs. May poten tiate cholesterol-lowering drugs.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- Ethnobotany:Worldwide Uses of Bitter Melon.: Brazil:Abortifacient, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, burn, catarrh, colic, derma tosis, diabetes, diarrhea, eczema, emetic, emmenagogue, emollient, fever, febrifu ge, hemorrhoids, hepatitis, hypoglycemic, inflammation (liver), leprosy, leucorrh oea, leukemia, malaria, menstrual colic, pain, pruritus, purgative, rheumatism, s cabies, skin, tumor, wound, vaginitis, vermifuge China:Aphrodisiac, cancer (breast), diabetes, food, glucosuria, halitosis, he maturia, polyuria, refrigerant Colombia:Bite (snake), malaria Cuba:Anemia, colitis, emmenagogue, fever, hepatosis, hypoglycemic, kidney (st one), sterility (female), vermifuge Ghana:Aphrodisiac, dysentery, fever, gonorrhea Haiti:Anemia, appetite stimulant, dermatosis, eye, fever, insecticide, laxati ve, liver, skin, rage, rhinitis India:Abortifacient, anthelmintic, bite (snake), contraceptive, diabetes mell itus, dysmenorrhea, eczema, emmenagogue, fat loss, fever (malarial), galactagogue , gout, hydrophobia, hyperglycemia, jaundice, kidney (stone), laxative, leprosy, leucorrhea, liver, piles, pneumonia, psoriasis, purgative, rheumatism, scabies, s kin, tonic, vegetable Mexico:Aphrodisiac, burn, diabetes, dysentery, purgative, scabies, sore, verm ifuge Malaya:Abdomen, asthma, burn, dermatosis, diarrhea, headache, scald, sprue, s tomachache, vermifuge Nicaragua:Ache, ache (head), anemia, blood, childbirth, cold, cough, diabetes , fever, hypertension, infection, lung, malaria, pain, pain (belly), pain (menstr ual), pregnancy, purgative, rash, skin, tonic Panama:Cold, emmenagogue, diabetes, fever, gallbladder, hypertension, insecti cide, malaria, pruritus Peru:Colic, contusions, diabetes, diarrhea, emetic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, h epatitis, inflammation, lung, malaria, measles, purgative, skin (sores), suppurat ive, vermifuge, wound Trinidad:Diabetes, dysentery, fever, hypertension, malaria, rheumatism, vermi fuge Elsewhere:Abdomen, abortifacient, allergy, amoeba, anemia, anthelmintic, appe tite stimulant, arthritis, asthma, astringent, antibiotic, aphrodisiac, boil, bur n, bilious, bladder, cancer, cancer (breast), carminative, cold, colic, colitis, cough, catarrh, cicatrizant, chilblain, childbirth, constipation, contraceptive, depurative, diabetes, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dysentery, dysmenorrhea, earache, emet ic, emmenagogue, eruption , eye (veterinary), fever, flatulence, flu, food, gout, halitosis, headache, heart, hemorrhoids, hepatitis, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypoglycemic, itch, indigestion, infection, inflammation, insecticide, jaundice, kidney (stones), lactagogue, laxative, leprosy, liver, malignancy, night blindne ss, pain (intestine), phlegm, pile, poison, pruritus, psoriasis, purgative, pyrex ia, malaria, menstrual abnormalities, menstrual suppression, refrigerant, rheumat ism, ringworm, roundworms, skin, skin (fungal), snakebite, soap, sore, sore (mout h), spleen, splenitis, stomachache, stomachic, stone, styptic, throat (sore), thr ush, tiredness, tonic, ulcer (malignant), ulcer (peptic) urethritis, vermifuge, w ound.
Scientific References:
.*What is Bitter melon(momordica charantia),What Is Bitter Melon Used for Tod ay?By Michael Derrida ======================================================= http://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/bittermelon/data.html
http://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/bittermelon/bitter04.gif
--------Cooperation---Welcome------------------- Processor and Deliver: MDidea Group Area: New-Tech Economic Zone,YinChuan City.China General Division Charger:Michael Derrida E-mail: derrida@vip.163.com website; http://www.mdidea.com
