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What is Ginger(Zingiber officinale,Jamaica ginger, African ginger, black ginger,

From: michael derrida
Category: 商业信息
Date: 11/10/2003
Time: 4:51:36 AM
Remote Name: 218.95.202.44

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What is Ginger(Zingiber officinale,Jamaica ginger, African ginger, black ginger, race ginger)?Origin and Narrative History of Ginger?Medicinal Action and Uses of Ginger,Functions and applications of Ginger?

◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◇ Composition&Application: The word ginger comes from the ancient Sanskrit singabera, meaning 'shaped l ike a horn'.It first appeared in the writings of Confucius in the 5th century BC. and it has been used medicinally in the West for at least 2000 years.It was intr oduced by the Spaniards to the Americas and is now cultivated extensively in the West Indies. The Portuguese introduced it to West Africa. It was traditionally us ed to warm the stomach and dispel chills. In the 18th century it was added to rem edies to modify their action and to reduce their irritant effects upon the stomac h. Ginger is still used in this way in China to reduce the toxicity of some herbs . The Chinese prescribe ginger tea for delayed menstruation.It is rich in vitamin C, and Chinese mariners ate it fresh to ward off scurvy.

Basic Botanical data of Ginger.: Botanical: Zingiber officinale (ROSC.) Family:Zingiberaceae Latin: Rhizoma Zingiberis Part Used:Dried Root. Dried Ginger,Rhizoma Zingiberis Habitat:Said to be a native of Asia. Cultivated in West Indies, Jamaica, Afri ca. Synonyms: Jamaica ginger, African ginger, black ginger, race ginger

----------------------------------------------------------------------- Basic Botanical data of Ginger. Description of Ginger(Zingiber officinale). Origin and Narrative History of of Ginger(Zingiber officinale). Medicinal Action and Uses of Ginger(Zingiber officinale). Functions and applications of Ginger. More reference materials and state of Ginger application. Additional Research of Ginger.

Description of Ginger(Zingiber officinale).: Zingiber is a creeping perennial plant native to tropical south-east Asia an d cultivated in the West Indies, Africa and India. The aromatic, knotty rootstock is thick and fibrous, and whitish or buff in colour. It produces a simple, leafy stem covered with the leaf sheaths of the lanceolate-oblong to linear leaves, an d reaches a height of 1.25m. The leaves areup to30cm long and the sterile flowers are white with purple streaks and grow in small dense spikes. Key Constituents of Ginger(Zingiber officinale): Volatile oils (bisabolene, cineol, phellandrene, citral, borneol, citronello l, geranial, linalool, limonene, zingiberol, zingiberene, camphene), Oleoresin (g ingerol, shogaol), Phenol (gingeol, zingerone), Proteolytic enzyme (zingibain), V itamin B6, Vitamin C, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Linoleic acid,gu m, starch, lignin, vegeto matter, asmazone, acetic acid, acetate of potassa, sulp hur. The pungency of ginger is due to GINGEROL which is the alcohol group of the oleoresin (when resins are associated with volatile oils, they are called OLEORES INS). Ginger owes its aroma to about 1 to 3% of volatile oils, which are bisabole ne, zingiberene and zingiberol. Primary Nutrients: Calcium, Iron, Magnesium Phosphorus, Potassium, Protein, Sodium, Vitamins A, B-complex and C

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Origin and Narrative History of of Ginger(Zingiber officinale): Narrative history of "Ginger": The word ginger comes from the ancient Sanskrit singabera, meaning 'shaped l ike a horn'. It first appeared in the writings of Confucius in the 5th century BC . and it has been used medicinally in the West for at least 2000 years. It was in troduced by the Spaniards to the Americas and is now cultivated extensively in th e West Indies. The Portuguese introduced it to West Africa. It was traditionally used to warm the stomach and dispel chills. In the 18th century it was added to r emedies to modify their action and to reduce their irritant effects upon the stom ach. Ginger is still used in this way in China to reduce the toxicity of some her bs. The Chinese prescribe ginger tea for delayed menstruation. It is rich in vita min C, and Chinese mariners ate it fresh to ward off scurvy. Ginger Origin: The dried rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc., a perennial plant, of the fa mily Zingiberaceae. Probably native to southeastern Asia, its aromatic, pungent r hizome (underground stem) is used as a spice, flavouring, food, and medicine. Its generic name Zingiber is derived from the Greek zingiberis, which comes from the Sanskrit name of the spice, singabera. Its use in India and China has been known from ancient times, and by the 1st century AD traders had taken ginger into the Mediterranean region. By the 11th c entury it was well known in England. The Spaniards brought it to the West Indies and Mexico soon after the conquest, and by 1547 ginger was being exported from Sa ntiago to Spain. The spice has a slightly biting taste and is used, usually dried and ground, to flavour breads, sauces, curry dishes, confections, pickles, and ginger ale. T he fresh rhizome, green ginger, is used in cooking. The peeled rhizomes may be pr eserved by boiling in syrup. In Japan and elsewhere, slices of ginger are eaten b etween dishes or courses to clear the palate. Ginger is used medically to treat f latulence and colic. The leafy stems of ginger grow about a metre high. The leaves are 15 to 30 c entimetres long, elongate, alternate in two vertical rows, and arise from sheaths enwrapping the stem. The flowers are in dense, conelike spikes about 2 cm thick and 4 to 6 cm long, composed of overlapping green bracts, which may be edged with yellow. Each bract encloses a single, small, yellow-green and purple flower. Ginger is propagated by planting rootstalk cuttings and has been under this type of cultivation for so long that it no longer goes to seed. The dried ginger rhizomes are irregular in shape, branched or palmate. Their colour varies from da rk yellow through light brown to pale buff. Ginger may be unscraped (with all of its cork layer); partly scraped; or scraped or peeled (with all of its cork, epid ermis, and hypodermis removed). In China, ginger is cultivated and mainly produced in the provinces Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Guizhou, Fujian, etc. Harvested in winter by lifting the rhizomes from the soil, then is cleaned, sliced and dried in the sun or baked at low heat until dry for use when raw. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----

Medicinal Action and Uses of Ginger(Zingiber officinale): Stimulant, carminative, given in dyspepsia and flatulent colic excellent to add to bitter infusions; specially valuable in alcoholic gastritis; of use for di arrhoea from relaxed bowel where there is no inflammation. Ginger Tea is a hot in fusion very useful for stoppage of the mensesdue to cold, externally it is a rube facient. Essence of Ginger should be avoided, as it is often adulterated with har mful ingredients. Ginger is thought to have blood thinning properties and the ability to lower blood cholesterol levels. It is a blood stimulant and cleansing herb. It is also used for respiratory problems such as colds, sore throats, bronchitis, congestio n, headaches and pain. It is used for numerous ailments including menstrual symptoms, inflammation, arthritis, high cholesterol, liver problems, gastrointestinal problems and motio n sickness. Is most used as a carminative, usually mixed with variety of other herbs, be cause of its great ability to stop griping and cramping especially in the abdomin al and intestinal area. A regulator of blood cholesterol to improve blood circula tion. Ginger is an excellent companion, warming the body, improving the circulatio n and activating the body's defences. Ginger has a very useful function during co lds, flu, virus infections, coughs, chronic bronchial problems and low-grade infe ctions of all kinds. Compounds from Ginger include Salmonella typhi, Vibrio chole rae, and Tricophyton violaceum. Magnesium, calcium and phosphorus function together in bone formation, muscl e contraction, and nerve transmission. The high content of these minerals in ging er makes it a useful candidate for muscle spasms, depression, hypertension, muscl e weakness, convulsions, confusion, personality changes, nausea, lack of coordina tion and gastrointestinal disorders. The high content of potassium in ginger will protects the body against bone fragility, paralysis, sterility, muscle weakness, mental apathy and confusion, ki dney damage, and damage to the heart. In addition to potassium's role in blood pr essure regulation, it also regulates heartbeat. Ginger has a high content of antioxidants. This makes it a free radical scav enger. This means, it has antimutagenic and anti-inflammatory properties. The alcohol extract of ginger can directly stimulate the heart and the motor centre of the blood vessels. Dried ginger can arrest vomiting, tranquilize the p atient, kill pain, dispel wind, strengthen the stomach and arrest coughing. Aqueous extracts at 2.5%, 5%, and 25% concentration have been effective agai nst Trichomonas vaginalis. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----

Functions and applications of Ginger: Warms the spleen and stomach and dispels cold, recovers depleted yang and re moves obstruction in the channels and collaterals as well as warms the lungs and removes fluid retention from the interior. Properties:Alterative, Antacid, Anti-Inflammatory, Carminative, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Febrifuge, Sialogue, Stimulant,Pungent in flavor, hot in nature, it is related to the spleen, stomach, heart and lung channels. Primary Uses: Bronchitis, Childhood Diseases, Circulation/poor, Colds, Colic , Colitis, Cramps/stomach, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Fatigue, fevers, Flu, Gas, Gastri c Disorders, Headache, heart problems, Indigestion, Morning Sickness, Motion Sick ness, Nausea, Throat/sore, Vomiting Secondary Uses: Colon Problems, Coughs, Cramps/uterine, Hemorrhages, Intesti nal Problems, Kidney Problems, Paralysis, Sinus Problems, Toothaches Applications of Ginger: 1. To treat cold pain in the abdomen, cold-type vomiting and cold diarrhea: a) Vomiting due to stomach-cold and cold pain in the abdomen: This herb is al ways used in combination with lesser galangal (Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum), e.g ., Er Jiang Wan. b) Cold pain in the abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea due to deficiency of the s pleen and stomach with stagnation of cold: This herb is mostly used with dangshen (Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae), largehea d atractylodes rhizome (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), etc., e.g., Lizhong Wan. 2. To treat yang depletion syndromes, such as cold of the limbs due to yang depletion and barely palpable pulse due to yang deficiency of the heart and kidne ys and excessive yin-cold in the interior: This herb is always used in mutual enforcement with monkshood root (Radix Aco niti Praeparata), e.g., Sini Tang. 3. To treat asthma and coughing due to fluid retention of cold type, cold bo dy and back and copious watery phlegm: This herb is often used together with wild ginger (Herba Asari), Chinese mag noliavine fruit (Fructus Schisandrae), ephedra, etc., e.g., Xiao Qinglong Tang. 4. Ginger is an excellent remedy for digestive problems, such as flatulence, nausea, indigestion, intestinal infections and certain types of food poisoning. 5. The combination of sweat and circulatory stimulation allows ginger to mov e blood to the periphery. This makes it a good remedy for chilblains, high blood pressure and fever. Ginger inhibits platelet aggregation, therefore, should be th e ideal condiment for people predisposed to clotting which may lead to either hea rt-attack or stroke (Srivastava, K.C. et al. 1964). 6. Ginger is also highly effective for motion and morning sickness. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----

More reference materials and state of Ginger application: 'Shen Nong's Herbal Classic': "To treat tightness in the chest, coughing or dyspnea caused by abnormal rising of lung-qi, diarrhea and dysentery by warming t he spleen and stomach, arresting bleeding, inducing diaphoresis and relieving art hralgia due to wind-dampness. The raw herb is especially good." 'The Compendium of Materia Medica': "The dried ginger ... has four functions : Firstly, it activates heart-yang; secondly, it removes deep and stubborn cold f rom the zang-organs and fu-organs; thirdly, it emits cold-qi from the channels; f ourthly, it treats abdominal pain due to affection by cold." 'Realistic Approach to Herbs': "Being very hot and non-toxic, the potency of the dried ginger will remains at a fixed position without any movement and this herb will give immediate effects for recovering depleted yang if used together wi th monkshood root (Radix Aconiti Praeparata) in the treatment of deficiency-cold in the stomach and the threatened exhaustion of primordial yang. Therefore, in th e medical books there is a sentence saying that monkshood root will not be hot wi thout any ginger." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----

Additional Research of Ginger: In a study, acetone extract of ginger at 100 mg/kg p.o. significantly inhibi ted serotonin (5-HT) induced hypothermia. The active responsible was found to be shogoal. Shogoal, [6]-dehydrogingerdione, [8]- and [10]-gingerol were also found to have an anticathartic action (Huang Q, et al. (1990).

Gingerol

Gingerol Shogaol

Zingerone

Piperyl Nordihydrocaps

capsaicin dihydrocaps The pungent constituents of ginger release substance P from sensory fibres. The released substance P in turn either stimulates cholinergic and histaminic neu rons to release Ach and histamine, respectively, or produces direct muscle contra ction by activating M and H1 receptors correspondingly. It is proposed that after being excited by substance P, M and H1 receptors are inactive temporarily and un able to be excited by agonists, therefore, ginger juice exhibits anticholinergic and antihistaminic action. Ginger juice produces antimotion sickness action possi bly by central and peripheral anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----

Scintific References:

1.What is Ginger(Zingiber officinale,Jamaica ginger, African ginger, black ginger, race ginger)?Origin and Narrative History of Ginger?Medicinal Action and Uses of Ginger,Functions and applications of Ginger?Via Michael Derrida

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