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From: michael derrida
Category: ÉÌÒµÐÅÏ¢
Date: 11/8/2003
Time: 11:54:42 PM
Remote Name: 218.95.161.241
Medical Attributes of Valeriana officinalis - Valerian?What is Valerian(Valeriana officinalis)?Where to source Valerian(Valeriana officinalis) powder extracts?
¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó Composition: The Greek physicians, Galen and Dioscorides, aptly called the plant "phu" be cause of its distinctive and rather unpleasant smell resembling that of ancient l eather or something akin to stale perspiration. The older botanical classificatio n, V. phu, reflects this. The root is still added as a musky tone to perfumes. Th e plant was named in the 9th or 10th century, and the name is thought to have der ived from the Latin verb valere meaning "to be happy."
Botanical Description of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis) Family Valerianaceae Valeriana officinalis Common Names:All-heal, Amantilla, Great Valerian, Valeriana, Setwall/Set-Wall , Setewale, Capon Tail, Heliotrope, Vandal Root, All-heal
Native to Europe and northern Asian, the herb is an erect perennial, growing to four feet with pinnate, divided leaves and clusters of small white or pink fl owers. It has a massive root system and short rhizomes. The roots are a hairy, sp indly mass and are collected in the autumn from two-year-old plants. It grows wil d in damp areas, and is cultivated in Germany, Holland, Belgium, and Russia for p harmaceutical purposes. Other varieties are found in South Africa, China, and Ind onesia, the Himalayas, and North America. Each is used for a variety of reasons. Valerian grows as a weed in Europe and most parts of the British Isles.
----------------------------------------------------------------------- Botanical Description of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis). Narrative History and Ancient Register of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis). Medical Attributes of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis). Medical Parts,Key actions and key components of Valerian(Valeriana officinali s). Traditional Uses of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis). Cautions of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis) .
Narrative History and Ancient Register of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis):
The Greek physicians, Galen and Dioscorides, aptly called the plant "phu" be cause of its distinctive and rather unpleasant smell resembling that of ancient l eather or something akin to stale perspiration. The older botanical classificatio n, V. phu, reflects this. The root is still added as a musky tone to perfumes. Th e plant was named in the 9th or 10th century, and the name is thought to have der ived from the Latin verb valere meaning "to be happy." Valium, the most widely prescribed antianxiety drug, is said to have taken i ts name from the same source and from the herb itself. For centuries, it was used for a variety of disorders, including epilepsy, w hich, in 1592, a cure of such was published by Fabius Calumna. Today, there is so me evidence to support it as an anticonvulsant. First mentioned in a medicinal context by Isaac Judaeus in the year 924 CE, it has since been highly regarded by herbalists as a nervine and sedative. Diosco rides and Gerard taught that it was an antidote for poisons, but it is as a treat ment for nervous complaints that Valerian has become most noteworthy. Since cats and dogs are attracted to the scent, it is said that the Pied Pip er of Hamelin carried the root to lure the rats, and his music was just a decoy. In cats, it acts as a stimulant and can be substituted for catnip. In humans, it has the opposite effect and is a very popular remedy for insomnia. It has long been valued by Nordic, Persian, and Chinese herbalists. The variety, V. sylvatica, was used by Canadian Indian warriors as a wound a ntiseptic. Valerian was used during the First and Second World Wars for treating shell shock and nervous stress. Many tribes used the herb for treating nervous conditions and insomnia. The Blackfoot also used it to treat stomach problems, while several tribes, including the Thompsons of British Columbia and the Menominee, have used valerian root top ically to treat cuts and wounds.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- Medical Attributes of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis):
Valeriana officinalis, commonly called valerian, is a perennial herb of the Valerianaceae. Its habitats include marshy thickets, and borders of ditches and r ivers of Europe and North America. Valerian can be identified by its unpleasant o dor and pinkish-colored flowers that grow from a rhizome. Historically called the wild nard, valenan was originally used as a stimulant, and valued for its odor a nd food flavoring charactenstics. During the 200-year period from 1733-1936, vale rian was one of the six most prescribed medicines in European and American medici ne. It was used as a antispasmodic to treat hysteria and nervous afflictions, an emmenagogue, a carminative, and a diuretic, among other uses. Mention of valerian can be found in drug books from the late 1600s to the 20th century. In the 20th century, valerian is well known for its sedative and restorative affects on the nervous system, and is widely used in herbal and allopathic medic ines. The root ofthe Valeriana officinalis has been used safely and effectively a s a sedative and sleep aid for several thousand years, and is widely supported by modern research as a mild sedative for the central nervous system. On June 7, 19 94, the European-American Phytomedicines Coalition (EAPC) filed a citizen's petit ion with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for valerian to be sold as a over-the-counter (OTC) drug for use as a nighttime sleeping aid. The petition ar gues that unlike prescription drugs that reduce REM sleep and cause drowsiness, v alerian is not a hypnotic agent or psychotropic tranquilizer and has been proven to be effective as a mild sedative and sleep-aid without side effects and limitat ions. Included in the petition is reference to the marketing of valerian in Europ e for many centuries and in the U.S. as an prescription drug until. The rhizome of valerian contains a vanety of compounds including valepotriat es, valeric acid, and volatile oils. These compounds affect brain receptors for t he neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Extracts from the rhizome of valerian have been found to inhibit the uptake and stimulate the release of GABA using the [3H] muscimol binding technique on sy naptic membranes isolated from rat brain cortices. The release of [3H] GABA is ca used by the reversal of the GABA carrier, independent of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activi ty and the membrane potential of the brain cortex. The use of Valeriana officinal is on the central nervous system of mice has been shown to produce sedative activ ity at high dosage, anxiolytic activity at low dosage, and weak anticonvulsive pr operties. Valerian has many useful properties including being a hypotensive, a carmina tive, a emmenagogue, an anti-spasmodic, and a nervine relaxant. Valerian influenc es the cerebro-spinal system and has a sedative effect for conditions such as St. Vitus's dance, neuralgic pains, and insomnia by allaying pain and promoting slee p without the aftereffects of narcotics . Tests on the physiological effects of valerian as a mild sedative have confi rmed through superficial and deep electro-encephalograms (EEG) that those who too k valerian fell asleep more quickly, woke up less often, and experienced relative ly no drowsiness. Subjective evaluations on valerian have reported significant de creases in the time it takes to fall asleep, improvement in the quality of sleep, and unaffected night awakenings, dream recall, and somnolence . Valerian has been shown to have no detected developmental effects on offspri ng, after treatment of mothers during pregnancy . In addition, the effects of val epotriates did not change the average estral cycle length or phases during the ad ministration period, nor did it effect the fertility index. Clinical studies of valerian have included studies utilizing the Semliki For est virus (SFV) expression system, which concluded that Valeriana officinalis doe s not inhibit in vitro [3H]naloxone binding to the mu-opioid receptors, which may be a possible mechanism for its anti-anxiety effects. The neurotropic activity o f valerian has been confirmed through pharmacological assessment during central n ervous system ischemia in frogs, without ethanol driving-off, which is associated with volatilization of ethanol oil, the active factor in tincture of valerian. O ther studies have shown that valerian may possess some level of antifungal proper ties. In addition, a variety of valerian known as Valeriana officinalis var latif olia (VOL), which relieves smooth muscle spasms and vasodilatation, has been indi cated to be effective in the remission of angina symptoms, decreasing frequency o f attacks and shortening duration of angina, restoring blood supply to ischemic m yocardium, and lowering plasma lipids without toxic action. Commonly sold in drug stores, markets, and apothecaries throughout Europe, v alerian has become highly recommended by herbalists, naturopathic doctors, and ch iropracters for mild tension and insomnia even in the U.S.. Although valerian has not yet become an over-the-counter drug in the U.S., its usefulness as a sleep-a id has been well documented and its popularity is growing. As more research is co nducted on the many beneficial properties of valerian, it may soon find its way i nto the mainstream of U.S. medications as a safe and effective alternative to tre ating many ailments including insomnia and angina.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- Medical Parts,Key actions and key components of Valerian(Valeriana officinali s):
Key Actions of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis):antispasmodic,carminative,diu retic,expectorant,lowers blood pressure,tranquilizer. Key Components:volatile oil(up to 1.4% including isovalerianic acid, borneol ,geta-caryphyllene),alkaloids,iridoids (valepotriates,valtrate,isovaltrate) Medicinal Parts of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis): Root and rhizome In recent years, the plant has been well researched and found to have chemic als called valepotriates which seem to depress the nervous system and act as mild muscle relaxants. Although the extracts are useful, the fresh plant is more seda ting. Valerian has been extensively researched in Germany and Switzerland which co nfirmed its sleep-promoting qualities. Other constituents are also responsible fo r its actions but they have not yet been identified. It is able to reduce nervous activity by prolonging the action of an inhibitory neurotransmitter. In essence, valerian seems to work by calming the brain and relaxing tensed muscles so that sleep can occur more naturally. Remedies: Macerations, infusions, and tinctures are used to treat insomnia and anxiety . Compresses soaked in the tincture can ease muscle cramps. Washes from the infusion or maceration are used for chronic ulcers and wound s and for drawing out splinters.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- Traditional Uses of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis):
1.Valerian Stengthen the heart: Valerian has been found to strengthen the heart and can sometimes reduce high blood pressure, if it is caused by stress and anxiety.
2,Wound Healing Prompter:It encourages ulcer and wound healing and, when used topically, is effective for muscle spasms and menstrual cramps.
3,Valerian As an expectorant, it helps a tickling, nervous cough. In South Africa, V. capensis, is used for hysteria and epilepsy. In China, V. hardwickii, is used as an atispasmodic. The Menominee tribe of North America, us ed V. ulginosa for cramps and menopausal symptoms while, in the Himalayas, V. wal lichi is used in almost exactly the same way. It has a relaxing nature is a benefit to those unable to relax during stress- related periods and in general has a more calming effect rather than a sedating o ne. It is also beneficial in relaxing overcontracted muscles and helpful for shou lder and neck tensions, asthma, colic, and irritable bowel syndrome. For more than a decade, it has been used to treat ADHD and researchers have f ound it to be more effective than pharmaceutical agents with fewer adverse side e ffects.
4.Valerian used to treat Nervous spasms and tremors, phobias, insomnia, and r estlessness: It has also been successfully used as a tincture in treating the condition kn own as Ekbom's Syndrome, or "restless legs". This condition causes the person to feel that they must constantly move their legs to prevent cramping. The symptoms usually intensify at night when in a supine position. An infusion of Valerian roo t will normally keep the symptoms at bay if taken on a regular basis after the in itial course of treatment is over. Valerian is not addictive or habit-forming and causes no known side effects. However, it should not be taken in large doses exc ept under professional supervision. Although it is not safe to take with Valium or other pharmaceuticals, it is s afe to take with other calming herbs such as lemon balm, chamomile, catnip, or ka va, and with 5-HTP, GABA, and other calming supplements. However, large amounts o ver a long period of time is not advised.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- Cautions of Valerian(Valeriana officinalis) :
Do not take for more than two or three weeks at a time without a break. Conti nual use or high doses can lead to headaches and palpitations. It should not be taken during the day since it does promote sleep. Do not take during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Do not take with sleep-enhancing drugs as this herb increases the action. Do not confuse the herb with the garden plant, red American valerian (Centran thus ruber), which has no medicinal value.
Scientific References: 1.Medical Attributes of Valeriana officinalis - Valerian?What is Valerian(Va leriana officinalis)?Where to source Valerian(Valeriana officinalis) powder extra cts?Via Michael Derrida
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--------Cooperation---Welcome------------------- Processor and Deliver: MDidea Group Area: New-Tech Economic Zone,YinChuan City.China General Division Charger:Michael Derrida E-mail: derrida@vip.163.com website; http://www.mdidea.com