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From: michael derrida
Category: ÉÌÒµÐÅÏ¢
Date: 11/8/2003
Time: 11:44:31 PM
Remote Name: 218.95.161.241
What is Origin and Distribution of Grapefruit and Grapefruit Seeds?What is Grapef ruit Extract(GSE,Grapefruit Seeds Extracts)?Production,Function and Application o f Grapefruit seed extracts?
¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó¡ó Composition: The finished product is a viscous, yellow-amber colored liquid that features a taste that is both bitter and acidic. (Practitioners of Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine consider both qualities to be part of the therapeutic process.) Pure veg etable glycerin is added to reduce the bitterness and acidity to a tolerable leve l and to reduce the possibility that incidental contact could cause irritation to the skin or mucous membranes.
Botanical Basic Data of Grapefruit:Grapefruit Seeds Grapefruit Synonyms and Common names:"forbidden fruit" of Barbados Final Extracts:Grapefruit P.E.(By Alcohol)10:1/(By Water)8:1 (Brief:GSE) Parts used:grapefruit seeds(dried)
----------------------------------------------------------------------- Botanical Basic Data of Grapefruit Origin and Distribution of Grapefruit and Grapefruit Seeds? Grapefruit Extract: What is GSE? Production and processing of Grapefruit Extract. Function and Application of Grapefruit seed extracts. Dosage,Safety and additional comments of GSE?
Origin and Distribution of Grapefruit and Grapefruit Seeds?: The grapefruit was first described in 1750 by Griffith Hughes who called it the "forbidden fruit" of Barbados. In 1789, Patrick Browne reported it as growing in most parts of Jamaica and he referred to it as "forbidden fruit" or "smaller shaddock". In 1814, John Lunan, in Hortus Jamaicensis, mentions the "grapefruit" as a variety of the shaddock, but not as large; and, again, as "forbidden fruit", "a variety of the shaddock, but the fruit is much smaller, having a thin, tough, smooth, pale yellow rind". In 1824, DeTussac mentions the "forbidden fruit or sm aller shaddock" of Jamaica as a variety of shaddock the size of an orange and bor ne in bunches. William C. Cooper, a citrus scientist (USDA, ARS, Orlando, Florida , to 1975), traveled widely observing all kinds of citrus fruits. In his book, In Search of the Golden Apple, he tells of the sweet orange and the grapefruit grow ing wild on several West Indian islands. He cites especially a fruit similar to g rapefruit that is called chadique growing wild on the mountains of Haiti and mark eted in Port-au-Prince. The leaves are like those of the grapefruit. He says that it was from the nearby Bahama Islands in 1823 that Count Odette Phillipe took gr apefruit seeds to Safety Harbor near Tampa, Florida. When the seedlings fruited, their seeds were distributed around the neighborhood. At first, the tree was grown only as a novelty in Florida and the fruit was little utilized. Even in Jamaica, the trees were often cut down. Mrs. Mary McDona ld Carter of Eustis, Florida, was quoted in the Farm and Livestock Record, Jackso nville, in 1953, as relating that her father, John A. MacDonald, settled in Orang e County in 1866. In 1870, he was attracted to a single grapefruit tree with clus ters of lemon-colored fruits on the Drawdy property at Blackwater. He bought the entire crop of fruits, planted the seeds and established the first grapefruit nur sery. The first grapefruit grove planted from this nursery by a man named Hill wa s sold in 1875 to George W. Bowen who developed it commercially. In 1881, MacDona ld bought the Drawdy crop and once more raised seedlings for his nursery in Eusti s. Early settlers began planting the tree and acquired a taste for the fruit. The re was already a small demand in the North. New York imported 78,000 fruits from the West Indies in 1874. Florida started sending small shipments to markets in Ne w York and Philadelphia between 1880 and 1885. In 1898, Dr. David Fairchild was excited to learn of a grove of 2,000 grapef ruit trees in the Kendall area south of Miami on the property of the Florida East Coast Railway. In 1904, he was amazed to see one tree in the door-yard of the Ke nnedy ranch in southern Texas where he thought the climate too cold for it. He wa s told that the tree had been frozen to the ground but had recovered. He predicte d that a citrus industry could not be established in that region of the country. In 1928, he photographed the same tree, which had been killed back several times in the interim, but was again in fruit. By 1910, grapefruit had become an importa nt commercial crop in the Rio Grande Valley and, to a lesser extent, in Arizona a nd desert valleys of California. By 1940, the United States was exporting close t o 11,000,000 cases of grape-fruit juice and nearly one-half million cases of cann ed sections. Cultivation had reached commercial proportions in Jamaica and Trinid ad and spread to Brazil, South America and Israel. In 1945/46, the United States (mainly Florida) produced a record of 2,285,000 tons of grapefruit. In 1967/68, t his country accounted for 70% of the world crop despite a great decline in Texas production because of severe weather. Grapefruit was moving forward by leaps and bounds. Israel, in 1967, supplied only 11% of the world crop but, by 1970, her pr oduction had increased by 300%. In 1980, Florida exported just under 10 million b oxes, making grapefruit this state's most valuable export crop. Japan is the main importer and has, at times, suspended shipments to determine the safety of fungi cide residues or because of discovery of larvae of the Caribbean fruit fly. Great care is taken to maintain this important trade. Other countries which had entere d the grapefruit industry were Mexico, Argentina, Cyprus, Morocco and some areas of South America which raise grapefruit for local markets. In Central America, th e grapefruit is not much favored because of its acidity. In the late 1960's and early 1970's, Mexico was rapidly expanding its grapef ruit plantings, especially in the states of Tamaulipas and Veracruz, to save its citrus industry in view of the decline in market value of oranges and tangerines brought on by over-production. Furthermore, there were great advantages in the lo wer costs of producing grapefruit without irrigation and with good biological con trol of pests. Now Mexico exports large quantities of grapefruit to the United St ates and lesser amounts to Canada and Japan. Puerto Rico formerly exported grapef ruit to the United States but is no longer able to compete in the trade and has o nly remnants of former plantations. Cuba has planted 370,000 acres (150,000 ha) o f citrus, mostly grapefruit with expectations of exporting to the Soviet Union an d eastern European countries. The grapefruit is grown only in a small way in the Orient where the pummelo is cultivated. In recent years, the grapefruit has becom e established in India in hot regions where the sweet orange and the mandarin are prone to sunburn. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
Grapefruit Extract: What is GSE? Grapefruit Extract(GSE) is made by first converting grapefruit seeds and pul p into a very acidic liquid. This liquid is loaded with polyphenolic compounds, including quercitin, help eridin, campherol glycoside, neohelperidin, naringin, apigenin, rutinoside, ponci rin, etc. The polyphenols themselves are unstable but are chemically converted in to more stable substances that belong to a diverse class of products called quate rnary ammonium compounds. Some quaternary compounds, benzethonium chloride and benzalkonium chloride, for example, are used industrially as antimicrobials, but are toxic to animal lif e. The B vitamin choline is also a quaternary compound, but is non-toxic and even essential for maintaining healthy neurological function and fat metabolism. GSE features the best of both worlds: the quaternary compounds derived from grapefruit exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, while evidencing none o f the toxic side-effects of chemically-derived quaternaries. The finished product is a viscous, yellow-amber colored liquid that features a taste that is both bitter and acidic. (Practitioners of Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine consider both qualities to be part of the therapeutic process.) Pure veg etable glycerin is added to reduce the bitterness and acidity to a tolerable leve l and to reduce the possibility that incidental contact could cause irritation to the skin or mucous membranes. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
Production and processing of Grapefruit Extract: Grapefruit Extract Production 1).Grapefruit pulp and seeds(the by-product of expeller-extracted grapefruit juice) is dried and ground into a fine powder. 2).The grapefruit powder is dissolved in purified water and distilled to rem ove the fiber and pectin. 3).This distilled slurry is spray dried at low temperatures forming a concen trated grapefruit bioflavonoid powder. 4).This concentrated powder is dissolved in vegetable glycerine and heated. 5).Food grade ammonium chloride and ascorbic acid are added,and this mixture is heated under pressure. 6).This material undergoes catalytic conversion using natural catalysts(incl uding hydrochloric acid and natural enzymes.). 7).This slurry is cooled, filtered and treated with ultraviolet light. The amount of Ammonium Chloride remaining in the final product is between 15 % and 19%. The amount of Ascorbic Acid remaining in the final product is between 25mg/g and 30mg/g. There is no residue of hydrochloric acid in the final product. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
Function and Application of Grapefruit seed extracts: Grapefruit seed extracts to toothpaste may protect against viral and bacteri al infections of the oral cavity, according to a report from New York City's Pace University. The report was delivered at the 98th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, held May 17-21, 1998, in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Over-the-counter toothpastes and mouth rinses may kill bad breath and bacter ia, but most are virtually harmless against viruses. In this study researcher Mil ton Schiffenbauer and colleagues \ added zinc, aloe, or grapefruit seed extract t o mouthwashes, rinses, and toothpaste in an effort to prevent disease-causing mic roorganisms in the mouth. Medical researchers have recently discovered that bacterial infections in th e mouth may lead to blood clots that can bring on heart attacks and strokes. The article also noted that several studies conducted since 1989 suggest that people with periodontal disease also have an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
For the past several years, scientists in Pace University's Biology Departme nt have conducted research on oral microbiology and viruses. Their studies found that most of a variety of oral \ agents tested for their antiviral properties wer e not effective, and some even protected viruses under certain conditions. Their research focused on two viruses(bacteriophages T1 and T7, which infect Excheria coli B) that attack bacteria. Extracts of zinc, aloe, and grapefruit we re separately added to toothpaste and combined in test tubes with the viruses. Th e loss of phage titer, as a result of these natural additives, was observed for p hage stored at room temperature(25 degrees C.), at refrigeration(4 degrees C.) an d at subfreezing (-12 degrees C.) temperatures. T1 and T7 were totally inactivated after 10 minutes exposure at room tempera ture to NutriBiotic brand grapefruit seed extract(undiluted and 10% dilution). An appreciable decrease in T1 titer, i.e. 85% loss, was also obtained with a crude extract of grapefruit peelings. Zinc totally inactivated both phages. T1 inactivation occurred after 10 minu tes mixing at room temperature, whereas T7 inactivation occurred after one day st orage under refrigeration. Tom's of Maine toothpaste had no antiviral effect on T1 or T7 and actually p rotected the phages from inactivation at sub-freezing terperatures. However, in t he presence of 1% zinc, the toothpaste had a very significant antiviral effect on both phages; total inactivation occurred after one day storage under refrigerati on. Substantial inactivation of both phages was obtained with purified aloe vera after two days of storage(day one under refrigeration, day two at subfreezing te mperature), i.e. 88% and 95% loss of titer for T1 and T7, respectively. A crude extract of aloe, strained or unstrained, had little, if any, effect on the phages. Tom's of Maine mouthwash which contains purified aloe vera juice t otally inactivated T1 and T7 after 10 minutes of mixing at room temperature. Afte r 10 minutes of storage at room temperature, under refrigeration and in sub-freez ing conditions, T1 and T7 viruses were virtually inactivated. "This research serves as a model to investigate viral and bacterial infectio ns of the oral cavity," Schiffenbauer said. "Pace researchers will expand their s tudy to include other common forms of viruses that may weaken the gums and allow entry of harmful bacteria." The corresponding author for this study is Milton Schiffenbauer, Pace Univer sity Biology Department, 1 Pace Plaza, New York, NY 10038. Grapefruit extract is also effective in treating thrush, an oral infection o f candida yeast. Thrush can be remarkably resistant to many therapies, but excell ent results have been obtained with GSE. Grapefruit Extract effective against anthrax: No specific anthrax testing has been done, as far as we know. GSE is likely an effective treatment for anthrax, and possibly smallpox and other biological we apons, but we may never know for sure. GSE destroys bacillus subtilis, a spore th at causes food spoilage and is a cousin of the anthrax spore, bacillus anthracis. Laboratory tests required only 2 ppm concentration to inhibit B. subtilis. Serious efforts have been made for years to get the F.D.A. to evaluate GSE(E .P.A. has been petitioned also). Both agencies have consistently ignored the peti tions. This is most unfortunate, as there are literally thousands of people who c an testify to the effectiveness of GSE against dozens of harmful pathogens, inclu ding some very dangerous drug-resistant strains. GSE damage intestinal flora? The answer is a qualified no. Even though we don't have clinical studies to prove it, all the feedback from consumers, doctors, veterinarians and others is t o the effect that GSE does not damage the beneficial bacteria in the digestive tr act at normal doses. We are also highly in favor of supplementation with acidophi lous and other so-called probiotics. Can Germs Become Resistant to GSE as they can to antibiotics? There is no evidence that any type of micro-organism has ever developed a re sistance to Citricidal or Nutribiotic grapefruit extracts. In fact it is believed that such resistance is not possible because of GSE's mode of activity. Because GSE actually disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane, changes in genetic make-up in the pathogenic organism would be irrelevant. What is still not known is how GSE can be effective against viruses, inasmuch as a virus has no cell membrane of its own . What about rumours of Chemicals in GSE? Newsgroups and email groups have received postings to the effect that GSE co ntains Triclosan, Benzelthonium Chloride, or Methyl Paraben. The source of this t ype of report comes from both Germany(Here is the PubMed reference to the German Report) and Japan, where Citricidal is not approved for human consumption. A more recent attack on GSE can be found at this link. The reason is that Citricidal is very similar in molecular weight to both Benzelthonium Chloride and Triclosan, b oth of which are effective disinfectants, but are toxic to human and animal life. In Germany their test for BC, Triclosan, and M.Paraben comes up positive(which i s more correctly called a "false positive") and in Japan, the same is happening f or Triclosan. USDA found benzelthonium chloride in its 2001 test. Was this a simp le error or a deliberate attempt to scare people away from Citricidal and Nutribi otic products? Meanwhile, Citricidal has been tested for the presence of these toxins by in dependent labs, and has been proven clean. (Ex: Weston Gulf Coast Laboratories, I nc., University Park, IL, test completed in March of 1992. Tested for heavy metal s, Cyanides, Pesticides and PCBs and Benzelkonium Chloride. Results: None Detecte d.) In fact, the accusations about triclosan(used in many dish and hand soaps in the US) became so frequent a few years ago, that Citricidal began specifically te sting each batch of GSE for its absense, and providing a Certificate of Analysis to that effect. The truth is, Citricidal is not only effective, it has been in use for many years. If these allegations had any validity, there certainly would be a history of complaints and judgements against the product, and it would have been removed from the market many years ago. Triclosan has recently been compared to "Agent Or ange" in toxicity. The EPA rates triclosan as "highly toxic". The US FDA made ins pections of the Nutribiotic manufacturing facility back in the 1990's and found n o chemical preservatives; and the formula is the same today. Such rumours are fal se, and are not a threat to those armed with accurate information. The test repor ts from Germany and Japan and the USDA are certainly bothersome, but they have pr oduced "false positives", not accurate profiles. The vast body of evidence from m any years of use by thousands of satisfied consumers, doctors, manufacturers, and veterinarians, speaks most loudly against such reports. (The German report, link ed above, does suggest that some suppliers of "GSE" may, in fact, be fraudulent. But Citricidal and NutriBiotic GSE are both proven, safe, and effective products. ) More on 'quaternary ammonium compounds' here. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
Dosage,Safety and additional comments of GSE? How long can I safely take grapefruit extract? Grapefruit extract is not like pharmaceutical antibiotics where a set number of days treatment is specified. You can safely take GSE over a long period, if n eeded, without any worry of toxicity. We have reports of people taking GSE every day for years(as a preventative) without side-effects of any kind. Also, a long-s tanding parasite infection could take quite some time to overcome. Don't give up!
"I'm taking medication for high blood-pressure. Will GSE interfere?" We have no reports of any drug interactions or contraindications of any kind . There is a danger in drinking fresh grapefruit juice or eating grapefruits when taking certain medications(consult your doctor). Grapefruit extract contains 0.1 % or less of the compounds that increase absorption of certain medications. Consu lt your physician. Why haven't I heard about grapefruit extract(GSE) before? Most of our advertising is by word-of-mouth. Until the USFDA registration is approved, we cannot label the products as 'antimicrobial' or 'germicidal'. And c onsumers are overwhelmed with information from Drug companies and doctors who hav e little or no interest in botanical remedies. (BTW, We really appreciate hearing from you about your experiences with GSE.) Is GSE made from the seeds and pulp of grapefruit? Yes. Originally made from seeds only, it was discovered that a reasonable am ount of the same active ingredient could be extracted from the pulp, also. "How do I use the powder concentrate of GSE?" For measuring accuracy in small doses, we recommend using the liquid concent rate. 1/16 teaspoon of powder concentrate is equivalent to 10-12 drops of Nutribi otic liquid(or 3-4 drops of Citricidal? professional strength), the recommended a dult dose. So, generally speaking, just a small pinch at a time for various appli cations is plenty. This would be a handy way to add a little GSE to the washing m achine, batch of potting soil, or wherever a dry preservative agent is needed. Ou r powdered extract is a very fine mesh powder that will mix well with any dry ing redients, including protein powders, corn starch, body powders, etc. The drying a gent in Citricidal? Powder GSE is an inert, insoluble compound called silicon dio xide. (Much of the powder concentrate being sold is going to manufacturers of enca psulated products, cosmetics makers, and those who are adding it to animal feed o f various types.) What is the 'shelf-life' of products containing grapefruit extract? The olde st batch of extract still on hand is six years old, but it tests every bit as pot ent as a current batch. GSE is extremely stable. None of the NutriBiotic line(den tal gel, cleansers, etc.) require a "best if used by..." date. The products will remain stable for an indefinite period, as long as they are not contaminated in s ome way. Has GSE been tested? Yes. View the partial list of labs that have tested GSE.Test results showing "Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations" and other stats are available upon request, and are now posted on the net. Most of our bulk-order customers have done their o wn lab testing to be sure of product potency and purity. In June 2002, 'The Journ al of Alternative and Complementary Medicine' published research conducted by Joh n Heggers, PhD, at the University of Texas Med School. This preliminary research confirmed that GSE was effective in inhibiting the growth of 67 different pathoge ns at dilutions that were non-toxic. Dr. Heggers plans further research on GSE as a wound dressing, as he is also affiliated with the Shriner's Hospital Burn Cent er in Galveston, TX. In 1996 the U.S. FDA inspected the manufacturing facility in California, USA , and found no reason to change anything we were doing, including packaging, labe ling, and manufacturing. Citricidal was submitted for official registration with the FDA as a "food and cosmetic additive", but FDA did not review the petition fo r two solid years. That petition was thereby terminated, and application has been made to the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) for registration as a water treatment. In 2000, the FDA was again petitioned to register Citricidal, but ther e has been no response. Don't hold your breath... Which diseases will it cure? Citricidal has been tested and found effective in lab studies against hundre ds of pathogens, but we cannot guarantee a cure for anything. And we're not claim ing that GSE works for everyone, everytime. There are countless herbal, homeopath ic, and allopathic remedies that may be indicated. Still, GSE continues to be the "swiss-army-knife" of both prevention and cure.
Scintific References: 1.What is Origin and Distribution of Grapefruit and Grapefruit Seeds?What i s Grapefruit Extract(GSE,Grapefruit Seeds Extracts)?Production,Function and Appli cation of Grapefruit seed extracts?Via Michael Derrida.
powder available: ¡¤ Grapefruit Extract(GSE,Grapefruit Seeds Extracts)(By Alcohol)10:1 ¡¤ Grapefruit Extract(GSE,Grapefruit Seeds Extracts)(By Water)8:1
======================================================= http://www.mdidea.com/products/new/new010.html --------Cooperation---Welcome------------------- Processor and Deliver: MDidea Group Area: New-Tech Economic Zone,YinChuan City.China General Division Charger:Michael Derrida E-mail: derrida@vip.163.com website; http://www.mdidea.com